Aryabhata was the Great Indian Astronomer And Mathematician. He is very popular person in Indian History. Due to Aryabhata's extraordinary contribution, we have got many mathematical facts and figures. Aryabhatta’s most important contribution was zero. He worked for other aspect of mathematics also like that arithemetic, algebra, quadratic equations, trigonometry and sine table.
- Full Name:- Aryabhata
- Date Of Birth:- 476 CE
- Place of Birth:- Not Confirmed(Patilputra or Kerala)
- Popular Works:- Aryabhatiya and Arya-Siddhanta
- Interests:- In Mathematics & Astronomy
- Date Of Death:- 550 CE
About Birth:-
Aryabhata was born on 476 CE in India. There are many views regarding his birth place. Some people say that he was born at Patliputra in Magadha which is known as the modern Patna in Bihar. Some say that He was born in the South of India mostly Kerala. Aryabhata gave no information about his place of birth in the Aryabhatiya. Aryabhata is believed to have been born in the region between the Narmada and Godavari rivers in central India. His first name is Arya which is a South Indian name and Bhata a normal north Indian name. It does not matter where he was born but He did a great job for Indian mathematics and other sciences.
chaturadhikam satamasaguam dvasasistatha sahasraam
Ayutadvayaviskambhasyasanno vrittapariaha.
About Works:-
Aryabhata works a lot for Astronomy And Mathematics. He wrote many treatises on Astronomy And Mathematics. His major work was Aryabhatiya, a compendium of mathematics and astronomy. It covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, spherical trigonometry and continued fractions, quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and a table of sines.
He is also the author of Arya-siddhanta. It is a lost work on astronomical computations. It is based on the older Surya Siddhanta and uses the midnight-day reckoning, as opposed to sunrise in Aryabhatiya. It also contained a description of several astronomical instruments: the gnomon, a shadow instrument, possibly angle-measuring devices, semicircular and circular, a cylindrical stick yasti-yantra, an umbrella-shaped device called the chhatra-yantra, and water clocks of at least two types, bow-shaped and cylindrical.
Work on Place Value System & Zero:-
Firstly This Place value system was seen in the 3rd century, while Aryabhata didn't use symbol for Zero. Aryabhata did not use the Brahmi numerals. Continuing the Sanskritic tradition from Vedic times, he used letters of the alphabet to denote numbers, expressing quantities, such as the table of sines in a mnemonic form.
The French mathematician Georges explained knowledge of zero was implicit in Aryabhata's place-value system.
Work on Approximation of Pi:-
Aryabhata worked for the approximation of Pi. He has given the conclusion that π is irrational. In the second part of the Aryabhatiyam , he has written
chaturadhikam satamasaguam dvasasistatha sahasraam
Ayutadvayaviskambhasyasanno vrittapariaha.
After Aryabhatiya was translated into Arabic (820 CE) this approximation was mentioned in Al-Khwarizmi's book on algebra.
Work for Algebra:-
In Aryabhatiya Aryabhata provided elegant results for the summation of series of squares and cubes:
- 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 + ……………….. + n2 = n (n + 1) (2n + 1)/6
and
- 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + ………………….. n3 = (n (n + 1)/2)2
Work for Astronomy:-
Aryabhata's system of astronomy was called the audAyaka system, in which days are reckoned from uday, dawn at lanka or "equator". He treated the planet's orbits as elliptical rather than circular. Aryabhata correctly insisted that the earth rotates about its axis daily, and that the apparent movement of the stars is a relative motion caused by the rotation of the earth, contrary to the then-prevailing view that the sky rotated.
Solar and lunar eclipses were scientifically explained by Aryabhata. Aryabhata states that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight. Instead of the prevailing cosmogony in which eclipses were caused by pseudo-planetary nodes Rahu and Ketu, he explains eclipses in terms of shadows cast by and falling on Earth. Thus, the lunar eclipse occurs when the moon enters into the Earth's shadow.
Aryabhata's sine Table:-
The original table: The stanza in Āryabhaṭiya describing the sine table is reproduced below:
मखि भखि फखि धखि णखि ञखि ङखि हस्झ स्ककि किष्ग श्घकि किघ्व |
घ्लकि किग्र हक्य धकि किच स्ग झश ङ्व क्ल प्त फ छ कला-अर्ध-ज्यास् ||
The values encoded in Aryabhaṭa's Sanskrit verse can be decoded using the numerical scheme explained in Aryabhatiya, and the decoded numbers are listed in the table below.
| Sl. No | Angle ( A ) (in degrees, arcminutes) | Value in Aryabhaṭa's numerical notation (in Devanagari) | Value in Aryabhaṭa's numerical notation (in ISO 15919 transliteration) | Value in Arabic numerals | Aryabhaṭa's value of jya (A) | Modern value of jya (A) (3438 × sin (A)) |
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